GDPR

Client Alert: EU Court of Justice Invalidates the EU-US Privacy Shield

An important and unexpected ruling was handed down by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on July 16, 2020, in Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Ltd and Maximillian Schrems (“Schrems II”) that invalidates the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield (“Privacy Shield”) arrangement. Since 2016, the Privacy Shield provided U.S. companies with a mechanism to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements when transferring personal data from the European Union to the U.S.

What this means

Now companies that subscribed to the Privacy Shield must find another GDPR-compliant solution for the transfer of data. The European Data Protection Board indicated in its July 23, 2020 FAQs that it will not be providing a grace period as the authorities had done for the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor (“Safe Harbor”) framework following the “Schrems I” decision.

Notably, the CJEU’s decision expressly stated that the standard contractual clauses (SCCs) previously promulgated by the European Commission (EC) are still a valid tool for data transfers from the EU to the United States. The SCCs are sets of contractual terms and conditions that the controller and the processor of the data both execute to comply with GDPR’s requirements. However, the CJEU’s decision does not give blanket approval to the SCCs–the decision acknowledged that future challenges to SCCs are permissible by the local data enforcement agency for any EU-member state. For example, an EU-member state might prohibit or suspend exports of personal data from its country under SCCs, if the member state concludes that the SCCs are not or cannot be complied with in the recipient third country (such as the U.S.) because of the member state’s local legal requirements.

The CJEU did not directly reference binding corporate rules (‘BCRs’) which are used for intragroup data transfers and require prior approval of the competent data protection authority. For now, this means that BCRs remain a valid transfer mechanism under the GDPR as BCRs are of a similar nature to SCCs (both are considered an “appropriate safeguard” pursuant to Article 46 GDPR).

For some situations, an alternative is to look to the narrow derogations under Article 49 of the GDPR, such as to perform a contract or base the transfer on the subject’s explicit consent.

What happens next

When the adequacy of the Safe Harbor was invalidated by the CJEU in 2015, the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the EC had already been negotiating for an updated trans-Atlantic program for many months. With Schrems II, and although the DOC and EC have indicated that lines of communication are open, the discussions are not nearly as advanced. And the issues cited by the CJEU in Schrems II may require some form of legislative and not merely an administrative action to address. As such, the process to revamp the Privacy Shield is unlikely to be concluded any time soon.

The DOC, in a press release in response to the CJEU’s decision, and later in its updated Privacy Shield FAQs, stated that it will continue to administer the Privacy Shield program, including processing submissions for self-certification and re-certification and maintaining the participants’ list. The DOC emphasized that the CJEU’s decision “does not relieve participating organizations of their Privacy Shield obligations.”

The UK’s Data Enforcement Agency also issued a statement advising companies to continue using the Privacy Shield until new guidance becomes available but added that companies “do not start using the Privacy Shield during this period.”

Stay tuned for more regulatory guidance and other developments in the next few weeks.

Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. The resources and information provided here are for educational purposes only. Consult your own counsel if you have legal questions related to your specific practices and compliance with applicable laws.

July 30th, 2020|Judgment|

New Draft Guidelines Attempt to Clarify Territorial Scope of the GDPR

Since the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by the European Union (EU) in May 2018, businesses established outside of the EU have grappled with the question of whether the GDPR’s strict rules apply to them. Many commentators have noted that the GDPR provisions and recitals do not have an easy answer. The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) recently attempted to provide some clarification by publishing draft guidelines that include a commentary on the territorial scope of the GDPR. The EDPB’s guidelines also address the related issue of whether a non-EU company subject to the GDPR must have an EU-based representative.

GDPR’s Targeting Criteria

Arguably the most significant change to the regulatory landscape affecting an individual’s data privacy is the territorial scope of the GDPR’s Article 3 (2). Generally described as the GDPR’s “targeting criteria,” your business must be GDPR compliant if it engages in processing activities of an EU individual’s data (data subject) related to (1) offering goods or services to data subjects, or (2) monitoring data subjects’ behavior. Although the EDPB’s guidelines state that the targeting criteria is applied on a case-by-case basis, the guidelines provide several examples showing how the targeting criteria can be applied that clarify some basic points, such as:

The data subject’s nationality or citizenship is irrelevant. The GDPR protects data subjects geographically located within the EU, without regard to the data subject’s nationality or citizenship. Conversely, data subjects outside of the EU, including EU citizens, are not protected by the GDPR.
Geographic allocation and timing are critical. For purposes of applying the GDPR, thedata subject’s geographic location is assessed atthe moment when your activity occurs; e.g., when your goods or services are offered, or your monitoring of the datasubject’s behavior begins.
Charging for services is irrelevant. The GDPR protects data subjects regardless of whether your services are free.
Cookies are considered monitoring. TheGDPR protects data subjects that your business profiles or undertakes someanalysis by using cookies or similar technologies.

GDPR Compliance and an EU-based Representative

A significant point clarified by the EDPB’s guidelines is that a non-EU company subject to the GDPR must appoint an EU-based representative, even though the not have a physical location within the EU. A company’s Data Protection Officer, who can be an existing employee of the company under the GDPR, cannot fulfill the requirements for an EU-based representative. The purpose of the requirement is to ensure that a qualified individual or entity is located within the EU to whom regulatory authorities can address compliance issues. The guidelines also make clear that the EU-based representative can even be held liable for any non-compliance, including being fined or otherwise sanctioned.

Consultation Period

The territorial scope and appointment of an EU-based representative poses two of the most critical issues that a non-EU based company faces regarding GDPR compliance. The EDPB’s draft guidelines address several other GDPR issues in addition to these, and a full version of the guidelines can be found here. The EDPB is taking public comments on the draft guidelines until January 18, 2019. Comments should be sent to the EDPB at EDPB@edpb.europa.eu.

December 12th, 2018|Educational Series, International, Legislation, Social Media|

NOTICE OF UPDATES TO OUR TERMS AND CONDITIONS AGREEMENT, PRIVACY POLICY AND NEW GDPR NOTICE OF RIGHTS

Data privacy is our top priority at Scherzer International (“SI”). SI has undertaken diligent efforts to ensure our compliance with the GDPR which became effective May 25, 2018. Here are some of the things that we’ve done:

We added a clause about GDPR* compliance setting forth our respective obligations under this regulation to our Terms and Conditions Agreement (the “Agreement”), which now – unless superseded by another agreement – governs SI’s provision of background screening reports (“Reports”). The Agreement can be accessed here and is applicable to all Reports ordered from SI on or after May 25, 2018 (“Effective Date”).
We revised our Privacy Policy by adding information about our compliance with the GDPR requirements regarding the processing of personal data of individuals located in the European Economic Area (EEA) covered by the GDPR and made some wording changes for clarity. Please note that as before, our website does not use cookies or otherwise track any personal data.
We posted a “GDPR Notice” on our website, which informs EEA individuals of their rights in connection with their personal data.

There is no need for you to take any action. By continuing to interact with SI and using our services after the Effective Date, you agree to these terms.

Of course, you can opt out at any time, by contacting Joann Gold, Executive Vice President/Chief Compliance Officer, at jgold@scherzer.co.

WE APPRECIATE YOUR BUSINESS!

*“GDPR” means Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission of April 27, 2016, on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of Personal Data and on the free movement of such data, known as the General Data Protection Regulation.

May 25th, 2018|European Union, International, Legislation, Privacy|